Management options for the Golden
Apple Snail
|
Management options for the Golden
Apple Snail
|
|
 |
Foreword
The golden apple snail, popularly known as "golden kuhol'' [Pomacea canaliculata
Lamarck], is one of the major pest problems in rice production. In 1989, the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimated that yield
tosses owing to this pest ranged from 1% to 40% of the planted area in the Philippines,
resulting in huge production loss.
To control this pest, many farmers resort to the massive use of synthetic molluscicides
that are expensive and broad spectrum, affecting non-target organisms including
human beings.
This primer was prepared to present additional alternatives and information
on golden apple snail management. It contains many new information to reduce
the misuse of molluscicides. Discussed here are details of the biology of golden
apple snail, including several management options that farmers could use to
manage this pest in their farms.
A new recipe for golden apple snail is now available. The product is a chicharon
(cracker) that is devoid of water, has no offensive odor, with longer shelf-life,
and can be readily used as an ingredient in other recipes.
We hope that this primer wilt help our agricultural technicians, extension workers,
and farmers better understand the nature, spread, and management options for
golden apple snail.
 Leocadio S. Sebastian Executive Director |
Panimula
Ang golden Kuhol (Pomacea caniculata Lamarck), ay dinala sa Pilipinas
sa pagitan ng taong 1982 at 1984. Ito ay galing Taiwan na nagmula naman sa South
America (Brazil at Argentina). Ang pagkakaroon nito ng mataas na sustansiya
para sa tao at mga hayop sa bukid ang dahilan kung bakit ito pinarami ng ilang
pribadong sektor. Subalit pagkatapos ng ilang taon matapos itong ipakilala,
ito ay naging isa ng pangunahing peste ng palay.
Sa 3 milyon ektaryang tinatamnan ng palay sa Pilipinas, 1.2-1.6 milyong ektarya ang nasisira ng golden Kuhol. Noong 1990, P212 M ang naubos sa pagsugpo ng pesteng ito. Ang unang pangyayari na naging dahilan kaya ito napabilang na peste ay naitala noong taong 1986 ng may 300 ha. palayang may patubig sa Region 2 (Cagayan Valley) ang lubhang napinsala. Magmula noon, ang palayang nasisira ng pesteng ito ay pataas ng pataas hanggang ito ay maging pambansang problema.
Mga Katangian ng golden kuhol na may sapat na gulang
Ang golden kuhol ay nabubuhay ng 2-6 na taon at napakadaling magparami
Kulay mapusyaw na kayumanggi ang bahay; ang laman naman ay kulay madilaw na
puti hanggang malagintong rosas o kulay kahel
Ang laki ay depende sa dami ng pagkain
Ang pinakamapanirang laki ay kung ang taas ng bahay ay 10 mm (kasinglaki ng
butil ng mais) hanggang 40 mm ( kasinglaki ng bola ng pingpong)
Ang talukap ng bahay ng babaeng kuhol ay palalim o patago at ang lalaking Kuhol
naman ay palabas o may umbok
Ang bahay ng babaeng kuhol ay paloob; sa lalaki naman ay palabas
 |
 |
Maliliit at malalaking golden kuhol
Mga Natural na Kaaway ng golden kuhol
 |
Sa Panahon ng Paghahanda ng Lupa
 |
 Maliliit na kanal kung saan nagtatago ang mga golden kuhol kapag kulang ang tubig para mapabilis ang pangongolekta. |
 Panala sa pasukan ng tubig na nakakaharang sa pagpasok ng golden kuhol sa pinitak ng palay. |
Sa Panahon ng Pagtatanim
 Ang pagpapatuyo ng tubig paminsan minsan ay nakakahadlang ng paglipat at pagkain ng golden kuhol. |
 Inererekomenda ang pamumulot ng malalaking golden kuhol upang magamit na pagkain ng mga itik. |
Pagkatapos Mag-ani
|
|
Pinagsamasamang pamamahala ng golden kuhol ayon sa yugtu ng buhay ng palay
|
|||||||||||||||
| A = Pagpastol ng itik, Pamumulot, paggawa ng kanaleta, paglalagay ng mga halamang gusto ng golden kuhol, at pagpisa ng mga itlog ng golden kuhol | |||||||||||||||
| B = Pamumulot ng kuhol, pagpapastol ng itik, paglalagay ny panala, paglalagay ng mga halamang gusto ng golden kuhol, pagsira ng mga itlog | |||||||||||||||
| C = Pamamahala ng tubig, pamumulot ng kuhol, paglalagay ng mga halamang gusto ng golden kuhol, pagsira ng mga itlog | |||||||||||||||
| D = Ipagpatuloy ang pamumulot ng kuhol at paninira ng mga itlog | |||||||||||||||
|
E
= Pagpapastol ng itik, paghahanda ng tuyong lupa
|
|||||||||||||||
Sa isang pag-aaral na isinagawa ng mga mananaliksik na sina G. MS dela Cruz, RC Joshi, at AR Martin noong 1999 hanggang 2000 sa PhilRice Maligaya, natuklasan nila ang mga sumusunod:
Sustansiyang Taglay
Nutritive value of golden apple snail flesh per 100g
- Enerhiya sa pagkain 83.0 kalori
- Protina 12.2 gramo
- Taba 0.4 gramo
- Karbohaydreyt 6.6 gramo
- Abo 3.2 gramo
- Posporus 61.0 mg.
- Sodium 0.4 mg
- Potasiyum 17.0 mg
- Riboflavin 12.0 mg
- Niacin 1.8 mg
- Ang iba pang sustansiyang taglay nito ay Bitamina C, Zinc, Copper, Manganese,
Magnesium, at Iodine.
List of Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority-registered molluscicides
as of 31 March 2000
|
Formulation
type |
Active
Ingredient |
Product
Name |
Concen-
tration |
Label Recom-
bination |
Toxicity
Category * |
Company
|
|
P
|
Metaldehyde
|
Metabait
6% Pellets |
60 g/kg
|
2-4 kg/ha
4-8 kg/ha |
4
|
Agchem Mftg.
Corp. |
|
F
|
Metaldehyde
|
Meta Flo
|
300 g/L
|
16-20 tbps
/16L water |
2
|
|
|
WP
|
Metaldehyde
|
Porsnail
74 WP |
750 g/kg
|
10 tbsp/16L
water |
||
|
G
|
Metaldehyde
|
Rescue
10 G |
100 g/kg
|
|||
|
P
|
Metaldehyde
|
SnailKil
6% P |
60 g/kg
|
2-4 kg/ha(T)
4-8 kg/ha(DS) |
4
|
|
|
F
|
Chlorothalonil
|
Shield
|
500 g/L
|
4
|
Aldiz Inc.
|
|
|
EC
|
Niclosamide
|
Bayluscide
250 EC |
250 g/L
|
7-14 tbsp/16L
water |
4
|
Bayer Phils., Inc.
|
|
WP
|
Bayluscide
70 WP |
700 g/kg
|
4
|
|||
|
EC
|
Niclosamide
|
Hit 250 EC
|
250 g/L
|
7-14 tbsp/16L
water |
4
|
Cropking
Chem., Inc. |
|
WP
|
Niclosamide
|
Trap 70 WP
|
700 g/kg
|
35 g/16L water
|
4
|
Dow Agro
Sciences B.V., Phils. |
|
PEL
|
Metaldehyde
|
Bayonet
6% Pellets |
60g/kg
|
2-4 kg/ha(T)
4-8 kg/ha(DS) |
4
|
Jardine Davies;
Inc. |
|
PEL
|
Metaldehyde
|
Stop 6%
Pellets |
60 g/kg
|
2-4 kg/ha(T)
4-8 kg/ha(DS) |
4
|
Leads Agri
Product Corp. |
|
WP
|
Niclosamide
|
Archer
50WP |
500 g/kg
|
4
|
Nichimen Corp.
|
|
|
PEL
|
Metaldehyde
|
Ciba Meta
Bait |
60 g/kg
|
2-4 kg/ha(T)
4-8 kg/ha(DS) |
4
|
Novartis Agro
Phils., Inc. |
|
F
|
Metaldehyde
|
Meta Flo
600 FL |
300 g/L
|
16-20 tbsp/16L
water |
2
|
|
|
P
|
Tannins,
Glycosides, Sterols, and Flavanoids |
Kuhol P
|
245 g/kg
|
20 kg/ha
|
4
|
Pro Green
Phils., Inc. |
|
EC
|
Niclosamide
|
Moluxide
250 EC |
250g/L
|
7-14 tbsp/16L
water |
4
|
Transworld
Trdg. |
EC - Emulsiflable Concentrate, F - Flowable, G - Granule,
P - Powder, PEL - Pellet, WP - Wettable Powder, T
- Transplanted, DS - Direct Seeded, tbsp - tablespoon.
*Based on World Health Organization, classification by hazards: 2 - moderately
hazardous; 4 - unlikely to present acute hazard in normal case
For more information, contact:
Crop Protection Division
Philippine Rice Research Institute
Maligaya, Science City of Munos, 3119 Nueva Ecija
Tel. Nos.: (044) 456-0285; -0113 local 227
Published 2001 by the Philippine Rice Research Institute. Readers are
encouraged to reproduce the contents of this bulletin with
acknowledgment.
About DA-PhilRice
The Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) is a government corporation
attached to the
Department of Agriculture (DA). Executive Order 1061 approved on November 5,
1985 and
amended by EO 60 dated Nov. 7, 1986 created PhilRice to help develop high-yielding
technologies
so that farmers can produce enough rice for all Filipinos. PhilRice accomplishes
this mission
through research, technology promotion, and policy advocacy, which are implemented
through a
network that includes 57 agencies and 104 seed centers strategically located
nationwide.
Its interdisciplinary programs include the following: (1) direct-seeded and
(2) transplanted
irrigated lowland rice; (3) hybrid rice; (4) rice for adverse environments;
(5) rice-based farming
systems; (6) rice and rice-based products; (7) policy research and advocacy;
and (8) technology
promotion and development. With these programs, PhilRice aims to develop and
promote
technologies that are ecosystem-based, location- and problem-specific, and profitable
to the
Filipino farmers.
 |
 |
